It is believed that Antipas had executed John (in Machaerus) reluctantly and strictly under Herodias's pursuance. Antipas had the support of Augustus, the first ruler of the Roman Empire, who ensured his rule over the Roman Empire's client states of Galilee and Perea. Sepphoris, however, was an urban renewal project. Herod’s closeness to the imperial family resulted in his choice as a mediator in the Roman–Parthian talks of 36. Tetrarch was a title given to a ruler of one-fourth of a kingdom. Jesus was informed about Antipas's conspiracies to kill him, which he ignored. 18 AD Caiaphas become high priest in Jerusalem (until 36). He was the brother of Herod Antipas and the half-brother of Herod II (Philip). Herod continued to use some Roman advisors and officers. John was executed in Machaerus. Roman Scourge or Flagrum. Herod Agrippa I is one of the Roman-appointed rulers in Israel from the Herod dynasty. Following is from documents of records of the Roman Senate. Herod Archelaus was the son of Herod the Great and Malthace (a Samaritan). Herod, one of the greatest and most controversial kings of Judea, was born in the year 73/72 B.C.E. Herod Antipas, whom the Romans imposed as Tetrarch after his father's death in 4 B.C., immediately rebuilt the old fortress at Sepphoris as his capital city which he made into "the ornament of all Galilee." It is, therefore, either as a general expression of authority and power, or in cognizance of the fact that the royal title was always borne by some member of the Herodian family (Archelaus was then no longer ruling), that the epithet \"king\" is u… To his credit the conference was a success, but Antipas’ haste to report the news to Rome aroused the hostility of Aulus Vitellius, legate of Syria, later emperor. HOW CAN THE BIBLE CALL HEROD ANTIPAS A “KING?”. However, the sudden death of Tiberius (March 16, 37 AD) implied that Vitellius was no more bound to help Antipas, and he hence called back his troops. Herod Antipas is the Herod mentioned most often in the New Testament, and, with the exception of Herod the Great mentioned in Luke 1 and 2, every mention of Herod in the gospels refers to Herod Antipas. Herod Antipas was a 1st-century tetrarch ("ruler of a quarter") of Galilee and Perea, known for his role in the events that led to the executions of John the Baptist and Jesus of Nazareth. Antipas also appealed to the Judea governor, Pontius Pilate, to remove pledged shields from the Antonia palace in Jerusalem. Between 34 and 36 AD, Aretas's agitation and a disagreement over the territory on the border of Perea and Nabatea resulted in an open war. Herod (c.73- 4 BCE) was the king of the Roman territory of Judea, a position given to him by the Romans. We've already seen that the times were extremely dangerous for Roman nobles and foreign client rulers, equally. By most standards, he was just an ordinary, local, Jewish ruler, but two incidents during his reign secured him a high place in the history books. He had a brother named Archelaus and a half-brother named Philip. siblings: Archelaus, Herod Archelaus, Herod II, Philip the Tetrarch, See the events in life of Herod Antipas in Chronological Order. His son, Herod Antipas (under Tiberius Caesar) was ruling in his stead at the time of Jesus’ ministry. Under Antipas's rule, several construction projects were carried out in the regions of Sepphoris and Betharamphtha. He even defeated Antipas in a war that he declared to avenge the injustice meted out to his daughter. The Bible calls Herod Antipas a “tetrarch” on five occasions:. According to the 'Gospel of Luke,' Jesus was first arrested in Jerusalem by Pontius Pilate, the governor of Roman Judea. Although details are sketchy, his soldiers were likely Jews and Gentile mercenaries, like his father’s army. His father, Herod the Great, initially did not consider him as his successor. The throne room where Salome is said to have danced before the king Herod Antipas has been discovered at the Dead Sea fortress at Machaerus, Jordan. He had met her in Rome. At that time Herod the tetrarch heard of the fame of Jesus, Herod. Because of his brutality at Bethlehem he had to defend his actions before the Roman Senate. Herod Antipas may be one of the most important secular figures during the life of Jesus Christ, for he ruled in Galilee, the region where Jesus performed the majority of His ministry. Herod, one of the greatest and most controversial kings of Judea, was born in the year 73/72 B.C.E. Tiberias was named by Herod Antipas after the Roman Emperor Tiberias who ruled at the time. This is the Herod … Rulers appointed by Rome (as was the case with Antipas) were expected to maintain an army and to provide Rome with military support when necessary. About 37, the Nabataean king Aretas IV, whose daughter Antipas had repudiated, attacked Herod’s realm, inflicting severe damage. The marriage, however, infuriated Antipas's former father-in-law, King Aretas IV of Nabatea, and he thus withdrew his support from Antipas's Jewish subjects. 4 BC Herod the Great dies. Antipas is … Herod went back to Judah in 39 B.C. Antipas's downfall is largely attributed to his nephew, Agrippa, and Caligula, the son of Roman general Germanicus and Agrippina the Elder (Augustus's granddaughter). Antipas, however, inherited a portion of his father's kingdom after Roman emperor Augustus made some modifications to the will. Mark 8:15 And he charged them, saying, Take heed, beware of the leaven of the Pharisees, and of the leaven of Herod. Jesus of Nazareth, whom John had baptized, became a minister in Galilee, which scared Antipas, as he believed that John had been resurrected. (Tetrarch is a Greek title given to governors of some Roman provinces.) Antipas had done a lot for the Jews. Herod’s Background. Caligula banished Antipas to Gaul, where Herodias accompanied him, and her brother added the tetrarchy to his domains. Herodias was the granddaughter of Herod the Great and Mariamne I. In 17 CE, he founded a new capital, which he called Tiberias, to honor the Roman emperor, Tiberius. Herod the Great, founder of the dynasty, tried to kill the infant Jesus by the “slaughter of the innocents” at Bethlehem. The city had been a regional center before, but it was destroyed by order of Quinctilius Varus, the Roman governor of Syria when dissidents opposed to Antipas (who was in Rome at the time) seized the palace and terrorized the region. to a family of Idumean converts. Herod had a son named Alexander from Hasmonean princess Mariamne. ', https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/herod-antipas-39106.php, The Hottest Male Celebrities With The Best Abs. Herod Antipas became tetrarch of Galilee and Perea from his father’s death in 4 BC until he was deposed by the emperor Caligula in AD 39. When Jesus was arrested in Jerusalem, according to Luke 23, Pilate, the Roman procurator of Judaea, first sent him to Antipas, who was spending Passover in the capital, because Jesus came from Antipas’ realm. This is the Herod Antipater (under Augustus Caesar) that was responsible for killing all the babies two years and younger at the time of Jesus’ birth. 26 AD Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Thus, the Palace would have been normally used by the Romans. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Herod was a Roman client king of Judea (referred to as the Herodian kingdom), where he commissioned the construction of many major colossal building projects, such as the port at Caesarea Maritima, the fortress at Masada, the Tomb of the Patriarchs in Hebron, and the renovation of the Second Temple in Jerusalem. However, the prince and the king were not on speaking terms; after two trials before the Roman emperor Augustus, Herod had his son executed in 7 BCE. It is also believed that Vitellius did not intend to help Antipas, as the tetrarch had infuriated him before. So, thus far we have seen three Herods. Antipas is born to Herod the Great (an Idumaean) and Malthace ( a Samaritan) 4 BC Jesus of Nazareth born in Roman Palestine (by some estimates). Saulus/Paulus was not merely a plebian rabbi. After Caligula became emperor in 37, Herodias, envious of her brother Agrippa I’s success, persuaded her husband to denounce him before the Emperor, but the intended victim, Caligula’s close friend, anticipated Antipas and levied charges, partially true, against him. Herodias left Herod Philip to marry his half-brother Herod Antipas, Tetrarch of Galilee & Perea. Antipas brought in several architectural reforms in Sepphoris and Betharamphtha and is remembered for his contribution to the establishment of his capital, Tiberias. But his scheming and petitions were of no avail, and his final appeal to Caligula for further addition to his dominion was fruitless and only hastened his ruin. In 47 BC, Herod’s father was appointed by Julius Caesar as procurator of Judaea. It is believed that when John the Baptist, one of Antipas's subjects, objected to the marriage, Herodias persuaded her husband to capture him. [1] His grandfather, Antipas, was the first to convert to Judaism under the wave of conquests led by the Hasmonean ruler, John Hyrcanus (134–104 B.C.E. When Augustus divided the kingdom of his father, Herod the Great, Antipas was made … The city eventually became a hub of rabbinic learning. John regarded the union as carnal, as Herodias was also Antipas's niece. Herod is sometimes called King Herod in the New Testament. After the Senate made him king and Herod pacified his new kingdom, Antony had Antigonus executed in 37 B.C.E. As such, he was in charge of protecting Judea from invasions and internal rebellions alike. Mark 6:14-16 And king Herod heard of him; (for his name was spread abroad:) and he said, That John the Baptist was risen from the dead, and therefore mighty works do shew forth themselves in him…. Herod Antipas became tetrarch of Galilee and Perea from his father’s death in 4 BC until he was deposed by the emperor Caligula in AD 39. Herod Antipas ruled as a Roman client and was responsible for building projects including the capital city of Tiberius on the Sea of Galilee. Christ may be referring to Herod and the Pharisees’ contentment with Roman rule. by Shawn Brasseaux. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Simply put, Herod Antipas was not such a man to take such a risk. In the final version of his will, he named Archelaus as the next king of Judea, Idumea, and Samaria, while he granted a lesser title of “Tetrarch” to Antipas, with Galilee and Perea under his rule. Herod Antipas (the same man who had previously ordered the death of John the Baptist) had wanted to see Jesus for a long time, hoping to observe one of the miracles of Jesus. Antipas's nephew, Agrippa I, accused him of conspiring against the new Roman emperor, Caligula, and he was thus ordered to move into exile in Spain. It was Herod Antipas who had John the Baptist imprisoned and beheaded and it was he before whom Jesus appeared in his trial before Pilate. Some time earlier, Antipas had built the city of Tiberias on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee, partly modelling it after a Greek city, but though he erected statues in the Greek manner in his palace, his coins bore no images. The new city was built in lavish Roman fashion befitting a Roman client ruler who had been raised and educated at the imperial court in Rome. However, Jesus says nothing in response to Herod's questions, or the vehement accusations of the chief priests and the scribes. The boy was only three years old - he was born in 11 - and was sent to Rome, where he received a Roman … Since Herod Antipas was only Tetrarch of Galilee and Perea and NOT king of the Roman province of Judea, he would only be in Jerusalem for certain events such a Passover. Later Herodians including Herod of Chalcis, Aristobulus of Chalcis and Agrippa II were given rule over the Kingdom of Chalcis, a Roman vassal state. ). The leading priests and teachers of religious law were plotting how to kill Jesus, but they were afraid of the people’s reaction. Antipas died in exile. He was never granted the title of king but is referred to as "Herod the Tetrarch" and "King Herod" in the 'New Testament.' Pilate handed over Jesus to Antipas, because he actively preached in his territory. Herod the Great was “king of the Jews” at Jesus’ birth and tried to have Him killed (Matthew 2). The Bible Continues. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Agrippa, on learning Antipas's motive, brainwashed Caligula against him. and thus eliminated Herod’s most potent rival. Updates? Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Thus, in 41 BC, Herod was gra… The Romans would, according to custom, scourge a condemned criminal before he was put to death. 3. Herod Antipas' Accomplishments Herod was appointed tetrarch of Galilee and Perea by the Roman Emperor Augustus Caesar. However, this is denied by modern historians. This coin of Herod Antipas was minted post crucifixion in Tiberias along the Sea of Galilee in 33-34 AD. However, he changed his decision after the two were executed (c. 7 BC), while Herod's eldest son, Antipater, was imprisoned for conspiring his murder (5 BC). and married Antigonus’ niece so that he could have some legitimacy to … This is assuming Jesus Christ died on the cross on Friday April 3, 33 AD. Still unmollified, she inveigled her daughter, Salome, to ask for the Baptist’s head in return for dancing at her stepfather’s birthday feast. Herod Antipas had enough vision to see that the city could be restored and expanded, giving him another … Antipas died in exile at a date still unknown. He ensured that coins had no images, to protect Jewish prescriptions against idolatry. He restored the damage caused in the period between his father’s death and the approval of the will, restoring two towns, one of which he renamed in honour of the Roman … About 4 bc Herod Antipas inherited part of his father’s kingdom after the Roman emperor Augustus had adjusted his father’s will. He restored the damage caused in the period between his father’s death and the approval of the will, restoring two towns, one of which he renamed in honour of the Roman imperial family. He is historically known as one of the most divisive and controversial rulers. to a family of Idumean converts. Herod Antipas, tetrarch of Galilee: Herod Antipas also had his own army. Tiberias exists today, and is a thriving little city of about 40,000 people. - 39 A.D. Herod Antipas is best known for his roles in the crucifixion of Jesus of Nazareth and the beheading of John the Baptist. The title tetrarch originally meant ruler of a fourth part of a region but came to be used of any minor ruler. Herod Antipas was king during the ministries of John the Baptist and Jesus. However, his most glorified construction was that of the capital, Tiberias, on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee, named after the emperor Tiberius. Antipater had been a supporter of Pompey when the Romans invaded Judaea in 63 BC. Tiberius appointed the governor of Syria, Lucius Vitellius, to execute Aretas. The Tetrarch was eager to see Jesus, expecting more miracles, but soon returned him to Pilate, unwilling to pass judgment. Herodias, grand-daughter of Salome who was the powerful sister of King Herod the Great, second wife of Herod Antipas. Antipas's role in Jesus's trial is highly disputed and is regarded as unhistorical due to lack of evidence. In 39 AD, Antipas's assets and territory went to Agrippa, while he was sent to exile in Spain (as per Josephus's 'Antiquities'). He divorced his Nabataean wife, the daughter of Aretas IV, king of the desert kingdom adjoining his own, to marry Herodias, formerly the wife of his half brother. Herod Antipas by Morten Hørning Jensen. He was ethnarch of Samaria, Judea, and Idumea for nine years (4 BC – 6 AD). In 39 AD Antipas was accused by his nephew Agrippa I of conspiracy against the new Roman emperor Caligula, who sent him into exile Spain, where he died. In the films 'Jesus Christ Superstar' (1973) and 'The Passion of the Christ' (2004), Antipas was depicted as an effeminate figure.