German belongs to the West Germanic group of the Indo-European language family, along with English, Frisian, and Dutch (Netherlandic, Flemish). As a consequence, eight petitions for referendums were launched, six of which were successful: The last petition was originally rejected by the Federal Minister of the Interior in reference to the referendum of 1951. These states were gradually de facto abolished and reduced to provinces under the Nazi regime via the Gleichschaltung process, as the states administratively were largely superseded by the Nazi Gau system. Elongated state: Chile is the most obvious one. Ethnic Conflict, State Shape, and Boundaries. In five of the German states, there are unincorporated areas, in many cases unpopulated forest and mountain areas, but also four Bavarian lakes that are not part of any municipality. From 1957, when the French-occupied Saar Protectorate was returned and formed into the Saarland, the Federal Republic consisted of ten states, which are referred to as the "Old States" today. Such programs typically relate to youth, schools, public health, and social assistance. Out of the ten largest cities in Germany, four are situated in North Rhine-Westphalia. Only the special arrangement for the southwest under Article 118 could enter into force. Article 29 of the Basic Law states that "the division of the federal territory into Länder may be revised to ensure that each Land be of a size and capacity to perform its functions effectively". C $15.33. The former district of East Berlin joined West Berlin to form the new state of Berlin. Also a region located far from the capital gets isolated which is a problem. The states are parliamentary republics and the relationship between their legislative and executive branches mirrors that of the federal system: the legislatures are popularly elected for four or five years (depending on the state), and the minister-president is then chosen by a majority vote among the Landtag’s members. Cities and towns are municipalities as well, also having city rights or town rights (Stadtrechte). Four of the five southern German states (Bavaria, Württemberg, Baden and Hesse-Darmstadt) entered military alliances with Prussia but Austria did not. Choose Your State Report a … Former German territory that lie east of the Oder-Neisse line fell under either Polish or Soviet administration but attempts were made at least symbolically not to abandon sovereignty well into the 1960s. Saarbrucken is the state’s capital city and it hosts … The Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) has 16 states (German: Bundesländer, singular: Bundesland).The biggest is Bavaria and the smallest is Bremen.Most of them were created after the Second World War, although their historical roots can be traced back to the early Middle Ages in some cases.. State creation since 1949: 1952: Three small states (Baden, Württemberg … East Germany built a barbed wire/concrete wall between East and West Germany in 1961 that divided East and West Berlin, to keep Western “facists” from entering East Germany, as East Germany was Communist, and West Germany Democratic and Facist was. Prussia and the other states in Northern and Central Germany united as a federal state, the North German Federation, on 1 July 1867. Myanmar has existed in one form or another for thousands of years, for example, but the country's shape has made it an easy target for many other nations and people, dating to the Nanzhao kingdom in the mid-800s to the Khmer and Mongol empires. In 2010 only three Kommunalverbände besonderer Art exist. The rejection of the plan by the Saarlanders was interpreted as support for the Saar to join the Federal Republic of Germany.[13]. On 27 October 1956, the Saar Treaty established that Saarland should be allowed to join Germany, as provided by the Grundgesetz constitution art. Though international relations including international treaties are primarily the responsibility of the federal level, the constituent states have certain limited powers in this area: in matters that affect them directly, the states defend their interests at the federal level through the Bundesrat ('Federal Council', the de facto upper house of the German Federal Parliament) and in areas where they have the legislative authority they have limited powers to conclude international treaties "with the consent of the federal government".[3]. The reorganization should be completed within three years after the Basic Law had come into force (paragraph 6). Article 118 stated "The division of the territory comprising Baden, Württemberg-Baden and Württemberg-Hohenzollern into Länder may be revised, without regard to the provisions of Article 29, by agreement between the Länder concerned. The governments in Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg are the "senates". Did You Know? This extremely elongated skull belonged to a teenage boy with east Asian ancestry who died 1,500 years ago in what is now Croatia. A new study, published in the journal Current Anthropology, has taken a look at elongated skulls of the Collagua people who lived in the Colca Valley in south-eastern Peru around 1100 to 1450 CE. and politicians (Döring, Apel, and others) made proposals – some of them far-reaching – for redrawing boundaries but hardly anything came of these public discussions. Since no agreement was reached, a referendum was held on 9 December 1951 in four different voting districts, three of which approved the merger (South Baden refused but was overruled, as the result of total votes was decisive). Upon its founding in 1949, West Germany had eleven states. Federalism is one of the entrenched constitutional principles of Germany. As you can see in the German state map below, some states of Germany are green and others are blue. "[5] But several proposals have failed so far; territorial reform remains a controversial topic in German politics and public perception.[6]. These were reduced to nine in 1952 when three south-western states (South Baden, Württemberg-Hohenzollern, and Württemberg-Baden) merged to form Baden-Württemberg. North Rhine–Westphalia, German Nordrhein-Westfalen, Land (state) of western Germany.It is bordered by the states of Lower Saxony to the north and northeast, Hessen to the east, and Rhineland-Palatinate to the south and by the countries of Belgium to the southwest and the Netherlands to the west. Between 1945 and 1947, new states were established in all four zones of occupation: Bremen, Hesse, Württemberg-Baden, and Bavaria in the American zone; Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Lower Saxony, and North Rhine-Westphalia in the British zone; Rhineland-Palatinate, Baden, Württemberg-Hohenzollern and the Saarland – which later received a special status – in the French zone; Mecklenburg(-Vorpommern), Brandenburg, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia in the Soviet zone. In the other states there are the following subdivisions: The most populous state of North Rhine-Westphalia is uniquely divided into two area associations (Landschaftsverbände), one for the Rhineland, and one for Westphalia-Lippe. Disneyland elongated penny USA … Before January 1, 2000, Bavaria had a bicameral parliament, with a popularly elected Landtag, and a Senate made up of representatives of the state's major social and economic groups. Turkish immigrants have been living in Germany for decades, and after Labor Shortages and in order to repair country after WWII, Millions of guest workers, primarily from Turkey have traveled to Germany. A regional referendum in 1996, to merge Berlin with surrounding Brandenburg as "Berlin-Brandenburg", failed to reach the necessary majority vote in Brandenburg, while a majority of Berliners had voted in favour. The threshold for a successful vote was set at one-quarter of those entitled to vote in Bundestag elections. The German political system operates under a framework laid out in the 1949 constitutional document known as the Grundgesetz (Basic Law). The justification was that a reconstitution of the two former states would contradict the objectives of paragraph 1 of article 29 of the constitution. In the center and southwest, one alternative was that Rhineland-Palatinate (with the exception of the Germersheim district but including the Rhine-Neckar region) should be merged with Hesse and the Saarland (solution C), the district of Germersheim would then become part of Baden-Württemberg. To fulfill administrative duties adequately, a population of at least five million per state was considered as necessary. elongated state. Hugo Preuss, the father of the Weimar Constitution, drafted a plan to divide the German Reich into 14 roughly equal-sized states. However, it has no legal significance. The grand coalition decided to settle the 1956 petitions by setting binding deadlines for the required referendums. However, it was in many ways de facto integrated with West Germany under a special status. E(xclusive )E(conomic )Z(ones) This gives resource rights to … A state can also be an elongated state or a state with a long, narrow extended territory. The Holy Roman Empire was a loose confederation of large and petty principalities under the nominal suzerainty of the emperor. Second, Article 28(2) of the Basic Law guarantees the municipalities "the right to regulate on their own responsibility all the affairs of the local community within the limits set by law." The number of inhabitants of German municipalities differs greatly, the most populous municipality being Berlin with nearly 3.8 million inhabitants, while the least populous municipalities (for instance, Gröde in Nordfriesland) have less than 10 inhabitants. Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. Initially, the states of the Federal Republic were Baden (until 1952), Bavaria (in German: Bayern), Bremen, Hamburg, Hesse (Hessen), Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), North Rhine-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen), Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz), Schleswig-Holstein, Württemberg-Baden (until 1952), and Württemberg-Hohenzollern (until 1952). In Rhineland-Palatinate, these districts were abolished on January 1, 2000, in Saxony-Anhalt on January 1, 2004, and in Lower Saxony on January 1, 2005. Saarland is a small state located in southwestern Germany. Despite the original intention, the Grundgesetz remained in effect after the German reunification in 1990, with only minor amendments. In 1952, following a referendum, Baden, Württemberg-Baden, and Württemberg-Hohenzollern merged into Baden-Württemberg. This arrangement was meant to ease the friction caused by uniting the two culturally different regions into a single state after World War II. During the Allied occupation of Germany after World War II, internal borders were redrawn by the Allied military governments. Southern Mountainous Boundaries divide Germany from France, Czech Republic, and Austria, Water Boundaries at the top, and divided from Denmark with a Lake. If the applicant does not understand German, the consular agent will explain the contents of the paper to the applicant and translate it orally. [4] Arthur B. Gunlicks summarizes the main arguments for boundary reform in Germany: "the German system of dual federalism requires strong Länder that have the administrative and fiscal capacity to implement legislation and pay for it from own source revenues. For other uses, see, Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Federal Republic of Germany ("West Germany"), Allied occupation of Germany after World War II, Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany, Composition of the German State Parliaments, List of German states by household income, List of German states by Human Development Index, List of German states by population density, List of German states by unemployment rate, "Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany", Deutscher Bundestag Public Relations Division, "House of Commons debates (Welsh affairs)", "German Federalism and Recent Reform Efforts", "Sub-national HDI - Subnational HDI - Global Data Lab", "Bruttoinlandsprodukt – in jeweiligen Preisen – in Deutschland 1991 bis 2018 nach Bundesländern (WZ 2008) – VGR dL", "Results of the referendum on the Saar Statute (23 October 1955)", https://www.btg-bestellservice.de/pdf/80201000.pdf, CityMayors feature on Germany subdivisions, Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art, Table of administrative divisions by country, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=States_of_Germany&oldid=1006958492, First-level administrative divisions by country, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from November 2019, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles needing reorganization from November 2019, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2009, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, reconstitution of the Free State of Oldenburg 31%, reconstitution of the Free State of Schaumburg-Lippe 39.5%, integration of Koblenz and Trier into North Rhine-Westphalia 13%, reintegration of Rheinhessen into Hesse 7.1%, reintegration of Montabaur region into Hesse 14.3%, This page was last edited on 15 February 2021, at 19:09. However, in former times there were many other privileges, including the right to impose local taxes or to allow industry only within city limits. First, they administer programs authorized by the federal or state government. Committees and expert commissions advocated a reduction of the number of states; academics (Rutz, Miegel, Ottnad etc.) Panama and Chile are elongated … Of the 17 states at the end of the Weimar Republic, six still exist (though partly with different border-lines): The other 11 pre-existing states either merged into one another or were separated into smaller entities. The best example of an elongated state is _____. Discrimination Against Guest Workers In Germany: Ethnic Conflict, State Shape, & Boundaries. In 1957, the Saar Protectorate joined the Federal Republic as the state of Saarland. With an area of 990 square miles, Saarland is the smallest state in Germany in terms of population and size (other than the three city-states of Hamburg, Berlin, and Bremen). The equivalent of the minister-president is the Senatspräsident (president of the senate) in Bremen, the Erster Bürgermeister (first mayor) in Hamburg, and the Regierender Bürgermeister (governing mayor) in Berlin. Germany is 357,168 km2. The Bundestag however decided that both Oldenburg and Schaumburg-Lippe should remain part of Lower Saxony. They became administrative regions of a centralised country. Create your own unique website with customizable templates. The majority of the funding for municipalities is provided by higher levels of government rather than from taxes raised and collected directly by themselves. German language, official language of both Germany and Austria and one of the official languages of Switzerland. Municipalities (Gemeinden): Every rural district and every Amt is subdivided into municipalities, while every urban district is a municipality in its own right. The German use of the term Länder (‘lands’) dates back to the Weimar Constitution of 1919. The complaint was dismissed in July 1961 on the grounds that Article 29 had made the new delimitation of the federal territory an exclusively federal matter. Since the German nation state was formed from an earlier collection of several states (only some of which still exist), it has a … Article 23, which had allowed "any other parts of Germany" to join, was rephrased. In his investiture address, given on 28 October 1969 in Bonn, Chancellor Willy Brandt proposed that the government would consider Article 29 of the Basic Law as a binding order. Disadvantages-Elongated states suffer from internal communication, because the 2 ends of the state are very far apart. In 2000, the number of unincorporated areas was 295, with a total area of 4,890.33 square kilometres (1,888.17 sq mi). Walt Disney World elongated penny Florida USA cent Donald Duck souvenir coin. West Berlin was under the sovereignty of the Western Allies and neither a Western German state nor part of one. Its provisions are reflected in Article 29. First-level administrative subdivisions of the Federal Republic of Germany, This article is about the states of modern Germany. Elongate definition is - to extend the length of. Article 118a was introduced into the Basic Law and provided the possibility for Berlin and Brandenburg to merge "without regard to the provisions of Article 29, by agreement between the two Länder with the participation of their inhabitants who are entitled to vote". This triggered the start of the one-year period as set in paragraph 2 of Article 29. Today, it is very common to use the term Bundesland (federated land). East and West Germany still have some differences due to governmental differences. In 2015, its GDP was 645.6 billion Euros making it the wealthiest state in Germany. This was performed by accession of the re-established eastern states of Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-West Pomerania (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern), Saxony (Sachsen), Saxony-Anhalt (Sachsen-Anhalt), and Thuringia (Thüringen) to the Federal Republic and by the de facto reunification of West and East Berlin into Berlin and its establishment as a full and equal state. Which means that it is larger than all but 4 US States. However, the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany ruled that the rejection was unlawful: the population of Baden had the right to a new referendum because the one of 1951 had taken place under different rules from the ones provided for by article 29. The remaining thirteen states are called Flächenländer (roughly 'area states'). An expert commission was established, named after its chairman, the former Secretary of State Professor Werner Ernst. Reconsider travel to Germany due to COVID-19.Exercise increased caution in Germany due to terrorism.. Read the Department of State’s COVID-19 page before you plan any international travel.. Author has 186 answers and 123.3K answer views. The referendum in Baden was held on 7 June 1970. After two years of work, the experts delivered their report in 1973. or elongated 1. [14] The option for a referendum in the Federal Republic as a whole (paragraph 4) was abolished, which meant territorial revision was no longer possible against the will of the population affected by it. Bavarian Elongated Skulls Regular skulls compared to artificially deformed skulls. Any later plans to break up the dominating Prussia into smaller states failed because political circumstances were not favourable to state reforms. Too many Länder also make coordination among them and with the federation more complicated. On 24 August 1976, the binding provision for a new delimitation of the federal territory was altered into a mere discretionary one. People trying to climb over/escape Berlin Wall. In this case, the bill had to be introduced again and after passing had to be confirmed by referendum in the Federal Republic as a whole (paragraph 4). Article 18 of the constitution enabled a new delimitation of the German territory but set high hurdles: "Three fifth of the votes handed in, and at least the majority of the population are necessary to decide on the alteration of territory". These are strong, intermediate, and non-deformed skulls (from left to right) from the Early Medieval sites Altenerding and Straubing in Bavaria, Germany. [a] Since the German nation state was formed from an earlier collection of several states (only some of which still exist), it has a federal constitution, and the constituent states retain a measure of sovereignty. In southwestern Germany, territorial revision seemed to be a top priority since the border between the French and American occupation zones was set along the Autobahn Karlsruhe-Stuttgart-Ulm (today the A8). C $19.72 shipping. The German states can conclude treaties with foreign countries in matters within their own sphere of competence and with the consent of the Federal Government (Article 32 of the Basic Law). On 25 April 1952, the three former states merged to form Baden-Württemberg. In the three free states of Bavaria, Saxony, and Thuringia, the government is the "state government" (Staatsregierung); and in the other ten states, the "Land government" (Landesregierung). Article 29 reflects a debate on territorial reform in Germany that is much older than the Basic Law. The Districts of Germany (Kreise) are administrative districts, and every state except the city-states of Berlin and Hamburg and the state of Bremen consists of "rural districts" (Landkreise), District-free Towns/Cities (Kreisfreie Städte, in Baden-Württemberg also called "urban districts", or Stadtkreise), cities that are districts in their own right, or local associations of a special kind (Kommunalverbände besonderer Art), see below. All sixteen states are represented at the federal level in the Bundesrat (Federal Council), where their voting power depends on the size of their population. 2. In fact, until 1933 there were only four changes in the configuration of the German states: The 7 Thuringian states were merged in 1920, whereby Coburg opted for Bavaria, Pyrmont joined Prussia in 1922, and Waldeck did so in 1929. The municipalities have two major policy responsibilities. Soviet-controlled East Berlin – despite officially having the same status as West Berlin – was declared East Germany's capital and its 15th district. Another word for elongated. Ämter ("offices" or "bureaus"): In some states there is an administrative unit between the districts and the municipalities, called Ämter (singular Amt), Amtsgemeinden, Gemeindeverwaltungsverbände, Landgemeinden, Verbandsgemeinden, Verwaltungsgemeinschaften, or Kirchspiellandgemeinden. The Federal Republic of Germany, as a federal state, consists of sixteen partly sovereign federated states (German: Land (state), plural Länder (states); commonly informally Bundesland / federated state, plural Bundesländer / federated states). By calling the document the Grundgesetz, rather than Verfassung (constitution), the authors expressed the intention that it would be replaced by a true constitution once Germany was reunited as one state. However, this term is not used officially, neither by the constitution of 1919 nor by the Basic Law (Constitution) of 1949. The state Free Hanseatic City of Bremen consists of two urban districts, while Berlin and Hamburg are states and urban districts at the same time. Germans did not mind, as they assumed that Guest Workers would return home eventually, but they did not. (State Collection for Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy Munich) Burger and fellow researchers sequenced the genomes of almost 40 individuals buried in south Germany, dating from the late 5th to early 6th century. Ending 14 Feb at 8:02 EST 6d 7h. $1.99 + $0.55 shipping. 23 for the Federal Republic of Germany. After China and the United States, Germany is the world’s third-largest exporter. If at least one tenth of those entitled to vote in Bundestag elections were in favour of a revision, the federal government had to include the proposal into its legislation. ... 3 Pressed Elongated Penny Pennies Germany Olympia Neuschwanstein Brandenburg. East Germany originally consisted of five states (i.e., Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia). However, the unincorporated areas are continually being incorporated into neighboring municipalities, wholly or partially, most frequently in Bavaria. In 1952, these states were abolished and the East was divided into 14 administrative districts called Bezirke. There was a binding provision for a new delimitation of the federal territory: the Federal Territory must be revised (paragraph 1). The debate on a new delimitation of the German territory started in 1919 as part of discussions about the new constitution. The rejection was confirmed by the Federal Constitutional Court in the case of Lübeck. Düsseldorf is North Rhine-Westphalia’s capital. Fragmented state: I would give Azerbaijan, Malaysia, and the United States (b/c of Alaska) as the three most obvious non-island examples. As of 2011, there are 295 Landkreise and 107 Kreisfreie Städte, making 402 districts altogether. Like in other parliamentary systems, the legislature can dismiss or replace the minister-president after a successful no-confidence vote. $1.99 + $0.55 shipping. According to the German constitution (Basic Law, or Grundgesetz), some topics, such as foreign affairs and defence, are the exclusive responsibility of the federation (i.e., the federal level), while others fall under the shared authority of the states and the federation; the states retain residual or exclusive legislative authority for all other areas, including "culture", which in Germany includes not only topics such as the financial promotion of arts and sciences, but also most forms of education and job training. Territorial reform is sometimes propagated by the richer states as a means to avoid or reduce fiscal transfers. It is the states which formed the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949.
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